The abuse of power in the Tao

When the people no longer fear the ruler's authority, greater calamity (social upheaval) will follow.
(The ruler should) not encroach upon the people's dwellings, nor oppress their means of livelihood.
Only by not oppressing the people will the people not reject the ruler.

Thus, the Sage:
— Possesses self-awareness but does not self-promote;
— Practices self-respect but does not consider himself superior.
Therefore, they abandon ostentation ("that") and embrace simplicity ("this").

Commentary:
Core Ideas:
- A warning to rulers: Harsh governance ultimately provokes rebellion. Governing should respect the people's basic needs for survival.
- Wisdom of "governing through non-action" (无为而治): Rulers who remain humble, restrained, and avoid abusing power ensure lasting stability.

Key Terms:
- "狎" (xiá): Literally "disrespect," here meaning encroachment or oppression (alternatively interpreted as "narrowing," i.e., restricting living space).
- "厌" (yàn): Dual meaning—referring both to the ruler's oppression and the people's rejection.
- "彼" (bǐ) and "此" (cǐ): Symbols of opposing attitudes (authoritarianism vs. non-action, extravagance vs. simplicity).

Extended Interpretation:
This chapter aligns with the Tao Te Ching's philosophy of "the soft overcomes the hard," advocating governance through gentle resilience rather than brute force.