The Tao governs by inaction

The highest rulers are barely known to the people.

The next level are loved and praised.

The next are feared.

The lowest are despised.

When rulers lack integrity,

the people lose trust in them.

The best rulers are calm and reserved,

rarely issuing commands.

When tasks are accomplished,

the people say, “We did this naturally.”

(This chapter examines the hierarchy of rulers: the highest rulers govern by aligning with nature, practicing “nonaction” (wu wei), so the people barely sense their presence. The next level rules by virtue, earning the people’s admiration. The next relies on authority, inspiring fear. The lowest, lacking integrity, are met with contempt. Laozi advocates “governing by nonaction,” where the best rule feels effortless and natural, without the need for constant intervention.)

Key Concepts:

无为而治 (wú wéi ér zhì) – “governing by nonaction” (ruling through alignment with natural order, not force).

自然 (zì rán) – “naturalness” or “spontaneity” (the ideal state where things unfold effortlessly).

诚信 (chéng xìn) – “integrity” (the foundation of trust between ruler and people).

Core Philosophy:

The best governance is invisible, allowing people to thrive naturally. By embodying integrity and restraint, the ruler fosters a harmonious society where achievements feel organic, not imposed. This reflects Laozi’s ideal of aligning with the Dao’s effortless flow.