Chapter 22
To bend is to be preserved;
to yield is to become straight.
To be low is to be filled;
to be worn is to be renewed.
To have little is to gain;
to have much is to be confused.
Therefore, the sage holds to the principle of the Dao,
serving as a model for the world.
By not showing off, one becomes enlightened;
by not asserting oneself, one becomes distinguished;
by not boasting, one achieves merit;
by not being prideful, one endures.
Because one does not compete,
no one in the world can compete with them.
The ancient saying, “To bend is to be preserved,”
is no empty phrase.
Truly, it leads to preservation and a return to the Dao.
(This chapter uses paradoxical thinking to reveal the principle that “softness overcomes hardness.” Laozi suggests that seemingly passive actions—such as bending, yielding, and being low—lead to positive outcomes, such as preservation, straightening, and fulfillment. The sage, through noncompetition, humility, and gentleness, ultimately attains unity with the Dao.)
Key Concepts:
曲则全 (qū zé quán) – “to bend is to be preserved” (the value of flexibility and adaptability).
抱一 (bào yī) – “hold to the principle of the Dao” (the sage’s adherence to the Dao’s unity).
不争 (bù zhēng) – “noncompetition” (the sage’s way of achieving harmony without contention).
Core Philosophy:
Laozi teaches that yielding and humility are not signs of weakness but sources of strength. By embracing softness and avoiding contention, one aligns with the Dao’s natural flow, achieving lasting success and harmony. This chapter emphasizes the power of subtlety and the wisdom of nonaction.
